Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Opioid withdrawal engages a habenular subpopulation responsive to aversive states

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.29.721196

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental paradigm for spontaneous withdrawal consisting of 7 days of twice daily escalating doses of morphine (or saline control), followed by a single final dose and 24 hours of abstinence before tissue collection. (B) Example images of anti-Fos immunostaining after spontaneous withdrawal paradigm, counterstained with DAPI. Dotted lines indicate boundaries of MHb and LHb. Arrow indicates Fos + cluster in the LHb. (C) Average distribution of Fos + cells across anterior-posterior axis of the habenula for each treatment condition. Contour lines indicate density of Fos + cells, normalized to the maximum density in the saline condition. (D) Quantification of the density of Fos + neurons in saline control and spontaneous withdrawal conditions. Each circle represents the mean for an individual animal. n=186 sections total from 10 mice per condition. **p< 0.01 by t-test. (E) Quantification of Fos + cells in all sections, binned every 400 μm along the A-P axis. Each circle represents one tissue section. (F) Same data in D, separated by sex. Two-Way ANOVA, treatment effect, **p< 0.01; sex effect, n.s.; interaction, n.s. Fisher’s post hoc, **p< 0.01. Open circles indicate female, filled circles indicate male.

Article Snippet: Sections were washed in 1xPBS and mounted on coverslips with Fluoromount-G with DAPI (Fisher Scientific, 50-112-8966).

Techniques: Saline, Control, Immunostaining

Journal: Translational Cancer Research

Article Title: Phagocytic remodeling in CD74 High tumor-associated macrophages during brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.21037/tcr-2026-1-0228

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and characterization of CD74 High TAM subpopulations in the LT and BM microenvironments. (A) Circular UMAP visualization displaying the cluster distribution, with outer sectors quantifying cell counts and proportions for each subset. (B,C) Density plots highlighting the expression patterns of the macrophage lineage marker CD68 (B) and CD74 (C), where green intensity indicates high expression levels. (D) Validation of CD74 and CD68 co-localization in BM tissue sections via multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Representative images show the merged and single-channel expression (CD74, CD68, DAPI) at 20× magnification (scale bar: 50 µm, left panels), alongside a high-resolution view of the indicated region at 50× magnification (scale bar: 20 µm, right panels). (E) UMAP visualization of TAMs stratified by tissue origin and CD74 expression levels, categorized into five distinct subsets: LT_High (20.1%), LT_Low (7.5%), BM_High (5%), BM_Low (17.7%), and intermediate (50%). (F) Volcano plot illustrating the differential gene expression analysis between the LT_High and BM_High subsets. Red dots denote genes significantly upregulated in LT_High TAMs, while blue dots represent downregulated genes (top 10 DEGs are labeled). BM, brain metastasis; DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEG, differentially expressed genes; LT, lung tumor; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; UMAP, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection.

Article Snippet: Nuclear counterstaining and mounting were conducted using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) Fluoromount-GTM (Cat. No. 36308ES20; Yeasen, Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Biomarker Discovery, Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Gene Expression, Labeling